Pitch angle distributions for the six time intervals delimited in Fig. 1 and Table 1. Electrons with pitch angles less than 90° move toward Jupiter (downward) and those with pitch angle more than 90° more away from Jupiter (upward). The vertical dashed lines show the average loss cone angle for the interval in Fig. 1. Following the time sequence, a clear empty upward loss cone is visible in the lowest energies (0.1 to 3 keV) in (a). It is replaced by an upward electron beam in (b) and (c). (d), (e), and (f) show more upward beams that increase in energy as the absolute latitude and M-shell increase. The “dip” near pitch angles of ~90° is due to spacecraft shadowing (see text), affecting primarily the low energy electrons.
